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The ''dizi'' (, pronounced ), is a Chinese transverse flute. It is also sometimes known as the ''di'' (笛) or ''héngdi'' (橫笛), and has varieties including the ''qūdi'' (曲笛) and ''bāngdi'' (梆笛). These names are likely to have multiple spellings, too, depending on the transliteration used to convert from Chinese names. Nonetheless, ''dizi'' seems to be the most common name (and written form) used in the West. The ''dizi'' is a major Chinese musical instrument, and is widely used in many genres of Chinese folk music, as well as Chinese opera, and the modern Chinese orchestra. Traditionally, the ''dizi'' has also been popular among the Chinese common people, and it is simple to make and easy to carry.〔This is in contrast to the ''xiao'', a vertical bamboo flute which has historically been favored by scholars and the upper classes.〕 Most ''dizi'' are made of bamboo, which explains why ''dizi'' are sometimes known by simple names such as Chinese bamboo flute. However, "bamboo" is perhaps more of a Chinese instrument classification like "woodwind" in the West. Northern Chinese ''dizi'' are made from purple or violet bamboo, while ''dizi'' made in Suzhou and Hangzhou are made from white bamboo. ''Dizi'' produced in southern Chinese regions such as Chaozhou are often made of very slender, lightweight, light-colored bamboo and are much quieter in tone. Although bamboo is the common material for the ''dizi'', it is also possible to find ''dizi'' made from other kinds of wood, or even from stone. Jade ''dizi'' (or ''yudi'', 玉笛) are popular among both collectors interested in their beauty, and among professional players who seek an instrument with looks to match the quality of their renditions; however, jade may not be the best material for ''dizi'' since, as with metal, jade may not be as tonally responsive as bamboo, which is more resonant.〔http://members.iinet.net.au/~mtattersall/Articles/Woodwind_Materials.htm〕 The ''dizi'' is not the only bamboo flute of China, although it is certainly distinctive. Other Chinese bamboo wind instruments include the vertical end-blown xiao and the koudi. ==History== There are many suggestions for the source of ''dizi''. While legend suggest it was the invention of the Yellow Emperor, who wanted to make the bamboo a musical instrument, others suggest that ''dizi'' was imported into China during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). Recently, archaeologists have discovered evidence suggesting that the simple transverse flutes (though without the distinctive ''mokong'' of the ''dizi'') have been present in China for over 9,000 years. Fragments of bone flutes from this period are still playable today, and are remarkably similar to modern versions in terms of hole placement, etc. The Jiahu neolithic site in central Henan province of China has yielded flutes dating back to 7,000 BC - 5,000 BC that could represent the earliest playable instruments ever found.〔("Brookhaven Lab Expert Helps Date Flute Thought to be Oldest Playable Musical Instrument" ). Brookhaven National Laboratory.〕 These flutes were carved with five to eight holes, and is capable of producing varied sounds in a nearly accurate octave.〔(Jiahu (ca. 7000–5700 B.C.) )〕 The ''dizi'' as we know it today roughly dates to the 5th century BC,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=di (musical instrunment) )〕 although form of transverse flute have existed as early as the 9th century BC.〔 There are examples of bamboo ''dizi'' that date back to 2nd century BC that has been found. These flutes share common features of other simple flutes from cultures all around the world, including the ''ney'', an end-blown cane flute which was depicted in Egyptian paintings and stone carvings. In fact, recent archeological discoveries in Africa suggest that the history of such flutes may date back a very long way in human history indeed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dizi (instrument)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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